There are the disaccharides repeating units in the glycosaminoglycan chains, composed of uronic acid-like L-iduronic acid or D-glucuronic acid and amino sugar such as D-glucosamine or D-galactosamine. Non-sulfated GAGs: An example is glycosaminoglycans hyaluronic acid (HA). Sulfated GAGs: For example, dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), keratan sulfate (KS), heparin, and heparin sulfate (HS), They can be classified into two types based on their structural units and linkage between the disaccharide units, as listed below. In general, glycosaminoglycans are linear and negatively charged polysaccharides that can be non-sulfate or sulfate with nearly 10-100 kilodalton molecular weights. The general formula of polysaccharides can be given as Cn(H2O)n-1, where n falls between 2. Homopolysaccharides are composed of similar types of monosaccharide units, whereas the heteropolysaccharides have different types of monosaccharide units. Cellulose, starch, chitin, and glycogen are the best examples of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are branched and large molecules, which are amorphous in nature, often insoluble in water. They are also known as glycans because the monosaccharide units are bonded with the glycosidic linkages. Polysaccharides are described as complex carbohydrates that contain multiple monosaccharides with the other structures. These are composed of 10-100 or even more monosaccharide units. Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides supplies 2-10 units of monosaccharides. The monomer units cannot be further hydrolyzed. Carbohydrates can be classified into various types based on the number of monosaccharide units present in them. Also, the GAG chains are covalently bonded to other proteins such as cytokines, chemokines, morphogens, enzyme adhesion molecules forming proteoglycans, and growth factors.Ĭarbohydrates are the bio-polymers composed of monomer units known as monosaccharides. These are the important components of connective tissues and much essential to life. Glycosaminoglycan disaccharides are added to the protein cores and produce proteoglycans. They contain protein cores, made in the endoplasmic reticulum and modified post-translationally by the Golgi body. Some other polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum, are present in the bacterium capsule. Cellulose is the primary structural component in plants and is indigestible by humans. In animals, glycogen exists in the form of stored energy. Besides, starch is a form of stored energy in plants, which is digested with amylases, and insoluble in water. Glycogen and starch are both composed of glucose units.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |